Chemical Residues in Waterfowl and Gamebirds Harvested in Canada, 1987-95

نویسندگان

  • B. M. Braune
  • B. J. Malone
  • N. M. Burgess
  • J. E. Elliott
  • N. Garrity
  • J. Hawkings
  • J. Hines
  • H. Marshall
  • W. K. Marshall
  • J. Rodrigue
  • B. Wakeford
  • M. Wayland
  • D. V. Weseloh
  • P. E. Whitehead
  • Birgit M. Braune
چکیده

This report reviews data on chemical residues in Canadian waterfowl and gamebirds collected from across the country between 1987 and 1995 in order to: (i) obtain recent data on contaminants in gamebirds so that Health Canada could assess the risk to human health from eating those birds, and (ii) identify any potential avian health concerns related to the contaminant residue levels. Over 800 pools of waterfowl, gamebird and seabird muscle, egg and liver tissues were analysed for chlorobenzenes, chlordanes, hexachlorocyclohexanes, DDTs, mirex, dieldrin, octachlorostyrene, PCBs, arsenic, selenium, mercury, lead and cadmium. Selected subsets of samples were also analysed for polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), dibenzofurans (PCDFs), toxaphene or for Cs activity. These contaminants were either not detected or were found at very low levels in the majority of samples. The highest levels of most of the contaminants measured were found in those birds feeding at the higher trophic levels such as mergansers, loons and gulls. ΣDDT and ΣPCB were the compounds most frequently found above trace levels in pectoral muscle followed by ΣCBz and ΣCHL. ΣHCH and OCS were detected the least often. The highest DDE, ΣPCB and ΣCHL levels found were 2.5 mg⋅kg , 2.4 mg⋅kg -1 and 0.17 mg⋅kg -1 wet weight respectively. Mercury and selenium were found in the majority of samples at generally low levels. In only a few cases did contaminant levels approach or exceed levels associated with potential avian health effects or potential concern for human or animal consumers of the birds. ii Chemical Residues in Waterfowl RÉSUMÉ Ce rapport contient des données sur les résidus chimiques chez la sauvagine et les oiseaux considérés comme gibier au Canada prélevés dans tout le pays entre 1987 et 1995 afin i) d’obtenir des données récentes sur la contamination des oiseaux considérés comme gibier de sorte que Santé Canada puisse évaluer le risque que présente la consommation de ces oiseaux pour la santé humaine, et ii) de déterminer les préoccupations éventuelles pour la santé humaine associées aux concentrations de contaminants. Plus de 800 échantillons de muscles, d’œufs et de tissus du foie d’espèces de sauvagine, d’oiseaux considérés comme gibier et d’oiseaux de mer ont été analysés afin de déceler la présence examinés de chlorobenzènes, de chlordanes, d'hexachlorocyclohexanes, de DDT, de mirex, de dieldrine, d'octachlorostyrène, de BPC, d'arsenic, de sélénium, de mercure, de plomb et de cadmium. Des sous-échantillons ont également été analysés afin de déceler la présence de dibenzo-p-dioxines polychlorées (PCDD), de dibenzofurannes polychlorés (PCDF), de toxaphène ou de césium-137 (Cs). Ces contaminants n’ont pas été détectés ou l’ont été à des concentrations très faibles dans la plupart des échantillons. Les concentrations les plus élevées de la plupart des contaminants mesurés ont été trouvées dans les oiseaux appartenant aux niveaux trophiques supérieurs comme les harles, les plongeons et les goélands. Les ΣDDT et les ΣBPC sont les composés qu’on a trouvés le plus souvent au-dessus de l’état de trace dans les muscles pectoraux, suivis des ΣCBz et des ΣCHL. Les ΣHCH et l’OCS ont été détectés le moins souvent. Les concentrations de DDE, de ΣBPC et de ΣCHL les plus élevées étaient en poids frais de 2,5 mg⋅kg , 2,4 mg⋅kg -1 et 0,17 mg⋅kg , respectivement. Le mercure et le sélénium ont été trouvés dans la plupart des échantillons à des concentrations généralement faibles. Dans seulement quelques cas, les niveaux de contamination approchaient ou dépassaient ceux associés à des effets éventuels sur la santé des oiseaux ou à une éventuelle préoccupation pour la santé des consommateurs humains ou celle des prédateurs d'oiseaux. Chemical Residues in Waterfowl iii

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تاریخ انتشار 1999